This article is published in collaboration with the Tech for Good Institute.

The green transformation has become one the biggest challenges of our time. Green entrepreneurship has emerged as a critical solution for addressing environmental degradation and promoting sustainable development in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. It involves the creation of businesses that prioritize the well-being of the planet while generating economic growth. At the heart of this transformation, lies innovation. Innovative solutions are the keys to unlocking and identifying new ways of addressing this complex and multifaceted challenge. This is why green entrepreneurship is so important; it holds the greatest potential for transformation of economies and societies. However, we also need to make sure that this transformation combines sustainability with inclusion.

Therefore, promoting gender equality in green entrepreneurship is crucial for sustainable development in ASEAN. Women are essential agents of change in environmental sustainability, as they tend to prioritize social and environmental outcomes in their businesses. Therefore, supporting women in green entrepreneurship can contribute to inclusive and sustainable economic growth in the region.

Addressing gender disparity in entrepreneurship and the green sector

Understanding the current state of gender disparity in entrepreneurship and the green sector in ASEAN is a crucial context to this topic. For example, despite significant advancements in education among women in Southeast Asia, the benefits have yet to extend fully to employment and entrepreneurship opportunities.

Women-owned micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) operate on a smaller scale with limited scope compared to businesses owned by men. In the green sector, women also face significant barriers to entry, as men predominantly hold leadership positions and receive most of the funding and resources across the region. For instance, women’s representation on energy company boards in Southeast Asia is below 50%, ranging from 10.7% in Thailand to 29.7% in Viet Nam. This limited representation of women hampers their meaningful and equal engagement in energy decision-making across the region.

Moreover, women in green entrepreneurship face unique challenges that hinder their participation, such as limited access to finance and markets, lack of technical skills and education, and gender-based discrimination. Consequently, their knowledge, needs, and preferences often receive insufficient consideration in energy infrastructure development, including renewable energy projects. An illustrative example is the Truong Son hydropower project in Viet Nam, where social norms and restrictive expectations on women’s behavior limited their ability to influence decisions regarding the dam.

Success stories

Despite these challenges, many female green entrepreneurs in ASEAN are driving gender equality and sustainable development. Several success stories highlight the potential of women in contributing to the green economy. For instance, Rebricks, led by co-founders Ovy Sabrina and Novita Tan, ranked among the top three startups in the Circular Innovation Jam organized by the Incubation Network. Headquartered in Indonesia, Rebricks specializes in recycling plastics that conventional recycling systems typically reject. Denica Flesch, founder of Sukkha Citta based in Indonesia, is gaining international recognition for her sustainable fashion company whose motto is “farm to closet.” She empowers female weavers in rural Indonesia while incorporating regenerative agriculture and plant-based dyes into her business model.

Another reason for optimism stems from ASEAN’s demographics. By 2025, Generation Z and millennials will comprise half of Asia–Pacific’s population, representing a significant portion of consumers in the region. Surveys conducted by prominent consultancies have indicated younger ASEAN consumers’ preference for inclusive and sustainable products and services. Consequently, it is reasonable to anticipate that their consumption patterns will play a vital role in driving the development of sustainable and inclusive business models.

In conclusion, addressing the gender disparity in entrepreneurship and the green sector in ASEAN requires targeted policies and initiatives. It is crucial to increase women’s access to finance and markets, improve their access to education and training, and combat gender-based discrimination in the workplace. Enabling full participation of women in green entrepreneurship not only enhances productivity and drives innovation but also serves as a cornerstone in constructing more cohesive societies. This underscores the fundamental importance of women’s economic empowerment for the green transformation.

This article was first published by the Tech for Good Institute on 26 June 2023.

Giulia Ajmone Marsan
Strategy and Partnership Director
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)

Giulia Ajmone Marsan works in close connection with ASEAN policymakers, and regional and global organizations to support the ASEAN process of socioeconomic integration. Before joining ERIA, she worked as an innovation economist at the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Rubeena Singh
Inclusive Education Consultant
ERIA

Rubeena Singh authored the ERIA report, Inclusive Education in ASEAN: Fostering Belonging for Students with Disabilities, which analyzes the inclusive education landscape in ASEAN amid the pandemic and provides policy recommendations to improve inclusive education systems in the region. She is currently the manager for research and knowledge at research and strategic communications agency Kite Insights.